Types of Acne and Associated Therapy: A Review

The disease has four main causes: sebaceous hyperplasia and hyperseborrhoea; hyperkeratinization and consequent keratinocyte accession; colonization of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and respective Staphylococcus albus and inflammation and immune response. The production of sebum by sebocytes is stimulated by androgens, such as testosterone, which in turn stimulate the production of sebocytes. The type I 5α reductase, present in sebocytes, converts androgens into a more active molecule, 5α dihydrotestosterone (5α -DHT), which stimulates production and differentiation of sebocytes with subsequent rupture and release sebum, called hyperseborrhoea. The defects in the differentiation of keratinocytes and scaling result in increasing its stickiness, are the cause of clogging of the follicle, which prevents the flow of sebum and leads to the formation of the blackhead.2–6